Solution to Problem #74

Kirk Bresniker of Roseville CA found the solution when the tangent lines were perpendicular. Francesc Suņol of Barcelona (Spain), Paul Botham of Ipswich (UK) Ignacio Larrosa Caņestro of A Coruņa (Spain), Bar Greengrass of Lapid School, Hod Hasaron (Israel), John Hewson of London (UK), Jim Franklin of Cape Canaveral FL, Robin Stokes of the University of New England (Australia), and Keith Anker of Melbourne (Australia) solved both problems.

Here is John Hewson's solution:

Let (t , t^2)  be a point on the parabola.   The slope of the tangent at
that point is dy/dx =2 x = 2 t.   The slope of the line from (t , t^2) to 

a point (X , Y) is (t^2  - Y)/(t  -  X) = 2t if the line is a tangent.

Thus t^2 - Y = 2 t^2 - 2 t X , i. e. t ^2 - 2 X t + Y = 0.   The roots of
this equation, u, v (say) give the two points

 where the tangents from (X, Y) meet the parabola,  and these lines have
slopes 2u and 2v.

They are perpendicular to one another  if the product of their slopes = -1.
 i.e. if (2u)(2v) = -1 ie if 4uv  = -1.

The product of the roots of the quadratic equation is Y and the locus of (X
, Y) is:

4 Y = -1, a straight line parallel to the X - axis.


The slopes 2u and 2v are the tangents of the angles that the two tangents
make with the x - axis.

The tangent of the angle A  between the two tangents is given by:

Tan A  =( 2v - 2u)/ (1 + 4uv)) = 1 when A = 45 degrees

Now (v - u)^2 =(u + v)^2 - 4uv

Thus 4( (u + v)^2 - 4uv)  = (1 + 4uv)^2

From the original quadratic we have: uv = Y, and u + v = 2X, and
sustituting gives:

4(4X^2 - 4Y) = (1 + 4Y)^2 

16X^2 - 16Y = 1 + 8Y +16 Y^2

Giving 16X^2 - 16Y^2 - 24Y -1 = 0. The lower branch of this hyperbola is 
the locus of the intersection of the two tangents when the angle between 
them is 45 degrees.

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